Managerial Accounting Testbank - 2711 Words

Chapter 1 Introduction: The Role, History, and Direction of Management Accounting MULTIPLE CHOICE C 1. One of the objectives of management accounting is to provide a. stockholders and potential investors with useful information for decision making b. banks and other creditors with information useful in making credit decisions c. management with information useful for planning and controlling operations d. the Internal Revenue Service with information about taxable income p. 004 D 2. Management accounting is concerned with which kind of decision? a. product costing and pricing b. continuous operational improvement c. financial control d. all of the†¦show more content†¦c. The management accounting information system uses objective information; the financial accounting system uses subjective information. d. none of the above p. 008 C 17. Which of the following does NOT describe management accounting? a. internally focused b. emphasis on the future c. externally focused d. detailed information p. 008 A 18. When using information for internal purposes, management is more concerned with information that is a. timely, relevant, and reliable b. completely objective and verifiable c. exclusively internally generated d. externally focused p. 008 B 19. Financial accounting is primarily concerned with providing information to all of the following EXCEPT a. creditors such as banks and other financial institutions b. the management of the firm c. the Securities and Exchange Commission d. the stockholders of the company p. 008 B 20. Publicly-traded companies preparing financial accounting reports must follow the accounting procedures established by a. the SEC and the IRS b. the SEC and the FASB c. the IRS and the FASB d. none of the above p. 008 C 21. Historically, management accounting information has beenShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesDear All, If you need any solution manual, testbank for testbooks from the list, do contact us anytime, we provide competitive prices and fast delivery after payment done. Contact us: smtbportal@gmail.com smtbportal(at)gmail(dot)com 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Test Bank 2010 Federal Taxation with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt KulsrudRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesanalysis and putting strategy into action Resources for instructors †¢ Instructor’s manual, including extensive teaching notes for cases and suggested teaching plans †¢ PowerPoint slides, containing key information and figures from the book †¢ Secure testbank containing over 600 questions †¢ Support for the Strategy Experience simulation with guidance on the aims and objectives of the simulation, and instructions on how to set up simulation groups that enable you to monitor your student’s performance Also:Read MoreReed Supermarket Case32354 Words   |  130 Pagesfor presentations Extensive Instructor’s Manual with sample answers for all of the case study question material, including the extra case studies on the Companion Website Answers to the questions in the book that accompany the video case studies Testbank of question material Also: The Companion Website provides the following features: Search tool to help locate specific items of content E-mail results and profile tools to send results of quizzes to instructors Online help and support to assist

President Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., Civil Rights...

By the start of the 1960s, most Americans had in view another emerging Gilded Age. The charming John F. Kennedy turned out to be a president that the United States needed to see. He was in his abilities as a president and a man. His poise looked to establish the tone for the next decade. However, that Gilded Age never arrived. In contrast, by late 1960s the nation seemed to be on the brink of collapse. During JFKs’ presidential campaign commenced he established an ambitious domestic agenda exceeding Truman’s New Deal and called it â€Å"New Frontier,† a compendium of laws and restructurings that could remove inequality and discrimination in the United States. However, the New Frontier contended immediately with the refusal by a Congressional Democratic majority group of Southerners who despised the plan and did everything possible to block it. By 1964, after president Kennedy was murdered – Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson had to run politics and enact his own programs of reforms. In the same year, Johnson stated that he would make the United States into A Grand Society in which poverty and ethnic prejudice had no place. It would appear he embodied Kennedy’s philosophy of a better America. He established a measure of programs that would give the poor minority an opportunity to pursue happiness without receiving benefits from the government. The programs established Medicare and Medicaid, which benefited senior citizens and help low-income families to afford health care, In fact,Show MoreRelatedMartin Luther King And The White House922 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King and The White House Throughout the Civil Right Movement, Martin Luther King, Jr. (MLK) and other civil rights leaders worked with the executive branch to move towards equal rights. Though the civil rights movement spanned many administrations, the most progress occurred during the terms of President Kennedy and President Johnson, thus we will examine the relationship between two different Presidential administrations Martin Luther King, Jr. Each correspondence between the two groupsRead MoreJohn F. Kennedys Agenda in Civil Rights Address1133 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy took the presidential office in January of 1961, the United States was at the forefront of the civil rights movement. Kennedy inherited a country that was mostly segregated in the southern states. African American civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. were busy trying to unify the south to allow for all equal rights. Protests, sit-in’s, and demonstrations became a common occurrence as African American people were being discriminated against. President Kennedy used hisRead MoreBirmingham Campaign Speech Persuasive Speech1639 Words   |  7 PagesInterviewer: Good evening ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr: Good evening, it’s a privilege being here to discuss an important matter with you all. Interviewer: I hear that you re going to talk about the history of Racial Discrimination which happened in Birmingham, 1963. Martin Luther King Jr: Yes, that is true. I believe it is time for the audience to learn the truth about the Birmingham Campaign that happened in 1963. Interviewer: We are tryingRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr. and Lyndon B. Johnson1400 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. and Lyndon B. Johnson demonstrated unimaginable leadership skills in an effort to accomplish their respective agendas. Through the use of moral leadership, King would rise to become the head of the Civil Rights Movement by means of civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance. MLK began as a Baptist Minister, but after seeing the difference he could make in the world, decided to stand up for what he felt was right. Johnson, on the other hand, used political leadership in orderRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr Life1015 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. Chronology   1929 | Born on at noon on January 15, 1929.   Parents: The Reverend and Mrs. Martin Luther King, Sr.   Home: 501 Auburn Avenue, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia.   | 1944 | Graduated from Booker T. Washington High School and was admitted to  Morehouse College  at age 15.   | 1948 | Graduates from  Morehouse College  and enters Crozer Theological Seminary.   Ordained to the Baptist ministry, February 25, 1948, at age 19.   | 1951 | Enters  Boston University  forRead MoreCoretta Scott Kings Abandoned Musical Dreams Essays609 Words   |  3 PagesConservatory of Music in Boston, She had set her mind to becoming a professional singer. While she was in Boston Coretta met Martin Luther King Jr. He was a graduate student in theology at Boston University. The two of them got married on June 18th, 1953. After they got married, Martin moved to Montgomery, Alabama taking Coretta with him. Once they moved to Montgomery, Martin took a job of being a pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Coretta was saw as a typical Pastors wife. She helped out withRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The American Civil Movement958 Words   |  4 Pages The Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights Movement and other names, is a term that encompasses the strategies, groups, and social movements in the United States whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and to secure legal recognition and federal protection of the citizenship rights enumerated in the Constitution and federal law. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. 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Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a resultRead MoreThe Selma Incident Of The Civil Rights Movement1320 Words   |  6 Pageselected Barack Obama president of the United States, the first time an African American candidate has been elected to the office of the presidency. This historic election was described by John Lewis, a longtime civil rights activist as â€Å"what comes at the end of the bridge in Selma†. (413) This was a reference to the incident on March 7th, 1965 when â€Å"police officers used clubs and tear gas against a group of civil rights demonstrators led by the reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. as they protested the

Event Facilities and Management Free Essays

There are no sporting events that rival the scale and profile of the Olympic Games (Faulner, Spurr, Chalip, Brown 2000). Its substantial impact on economic and social aspects of national and international levels, international event tourism, marketing strategies, provides plenty of points for study and insight. Moreover, officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics is primarily a major international multi-sport event, which required plenty of technical, marketing, and event planning. We will write a custom essay sample on Event Facilities and Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hosted by the People’s Republic of China however, the sporting event was also or perhaps translated into, a national economic strategy and was subject into an international political debate and public scrutiny. Clamor against the games were rampant and widespread, various political issues hounded event organizers and sponsors. Nonetheless, the Games were participated by 11,208 athletes from 205 countries in 302 athletic events. Interest of the PRC to host Olympics is quite clear. Aside from the new jobs that could be created in the tourism industry, worldwide publicity of the Games will change the way the rest of the world views China. Thus, the Beijing Olympics is a good case study for large events that requires vast logistical management and planning, and present prospects for future State-sponsorship of large special events. Costs of the Games fell largely on Government funds, on the grounds of tourism benefits. To justify spending of the national purse and to thwart cynicism among the public is relevant in pursuing State-sponsored special events (Burgan, Mules, 2000). Evaluating on the benefits of a special event is relevant not only for accountability reasons but to guide future public fund spending; as well as the feasibility of sponsoring mega-events. This paper will provide some insights and analyses on the impacts of the Beijing Olympics, and marketing strategies utilized. Long-term economic impacts of the Games in China are not yet evident. Although some sectors may have benefited from a momentary influx of tourists, hard industries suffered losses due to factory closures to ease air pollution. Social impacts however, tell two sides. While national pride rode high upon the ability of the Chinese economy and technology, there are sectors who suffered from the feat. Mass dislocations and disruption of everyday lives also took toll on the national mood. Internationally, China proved itself as an economic giant, despite negative propaganda and calls to boycott the Games. Marketing for the event is another interesting aspect of the event. Done amid considerable negative publicity, political turmoil, the global financial crisis, and inexperience of the Chinese government in international marketing, marketing for the games fared well. An effective marketing strategy or fortunate circumstances may have contributed to its achievement. With increasing frequency, hosting of international events has been used as a platform for States to bolster economic and development activities (Burgan, Mules, 2000). The potential for national development, media attention, tourism, community involvement and national pride, the Olympic Games calls for a systematic research and analysis. Impacts To fairly analyze and gauge the impacts of the Beijing Olympics, assessment will include economic and non-economic values of the event; covering preparations, actual outcomes, and potential benefits. The costs of the event is estimated to have reached an astounding $40 billion–exceeding the elaborate 2004 Athens Olympics by $25 billion–with costs lying heavily on investments on infrastructure and improvements on transport systems to keep up with the expected influx of spectators and tourists. Event organizers renovated and constructed 37 Games venues and 66 training centers, the largest of which are the Beijing National Stadium, Beijing National Indoor Stadium, Beijing National Aquatics Center, Olympic Green Convention Center, and the Beijing Wukesong Culture and Sports Center. Expenditure on the Beijing Olympics depended largely on government spending: government-owned banks, local government, and institutions funded more than half of total costs. Subject to criticisms by locals and economists around the globe, China’s willingness to spend public money seemed to be fueled by its determination to prove itself among the most important nations. However, it could be argued that there are also substantial cultural returns and international exposure benefits of hosting the Games. The targets being inflow of consumers outside China, producer surplus could be a more appropriate and descriptive measure to determine success. Producer surplus is derived from the increase in production levels due to a special event, which are assumed to be taken from the opportunity cost of producers (Burgan, Mules 2000). In this case, influx of outside tourism should be placed in high priority. The Games were set to accommodate 2 million tourists–from this number, 500,000 were projected to come from overseas. However, turnout during the Games were below expectations. Hotel occupancy was only at 70% in 5-stars and below 50% in 4-stars, surprisingly even lesser than hotel occupancy at 2007 of the same month. Despite these numbers, the organizers insisted that the 6. 8 million tickets printed were sold out. This could be explained, speculatively, at the low number of foreign tourists: the heightened security, negative propaganda, and strict visa acquisition could all factor in the failure to attract foreigner spending. Considering the amount of money, planning, and logistical requirements of the Beijing Olympics, event tourism through the Beijing Olympics did not meet its ? 8 billion profit from actual event. Nevertheless, impact of an event does not bank solely on fiscal benefits in a cost-benefit evaluation (Dwyer, Mellor, Mistillies, Mules 2000). Other non-tangible benefits are also taken into account. How to cite Event Facilities and Management, Essays

Project Management Volkswagen of America †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Volkswagen of America. Answer: Volkswagen of Americas new system for funding The chief information officer (CIO) of the Volkswagen of America (VMoA) did a phone call and was relaxed after the initiative. The call was directed towards the one of the peers of the Executive leadership team (ELT). The outcome of the process from the call was that there was a generation of a process, which was new. It formed an IT Project list, which was founded in 2004. Few days later the project was revealed. In accordance to the process, a new storm was created within the internal working of the organization. The main point of focus was in the discussion of the concern relating to the working in the organization, and the projects, which were not funded. The different members in the team had their own point of view, which are very much repetitive relating to the prioritization relating to the process by which the people within the organization about the mistake categorization. The mistakes, which are performed within the organization, result in penalty of the unit of the busines s. In most of the calls, the main point of emphasis was the funding of the information technology project, which were not funded so that the projects would be again in the working form. In the Volkswagen of America (VMoA) there are 10 unit which are operational with proposed project of more than 40 relating to a funding requirement of around $210 million (US). The budget, which was ranged by the VGAG, which is the parent company of the Volkswagen of America (VMoA), was around $60. The pushback, which are done in the process, was very much surprising. The new process would be beneficial in a way of making the tradeoff very much explicit and the link of the project and the processes, which are, core relating to the business, which would be affecting the overall goal of the organization (Gonzlez-Ruiz, Duque and Botero 2017). A new architecture of the business was formed by the member of the organization taking the help of the strategy corporation group of the Volkswagen of America (VMoA) in direct collaboration with the gedesUSA. The framework, which was created, was very much a high-level concept. The architecture, which was involved into the concept explicitly despite the resources which are very much key for the overall working of the organization and answering the questions such as how, when, why, where and when. The architecture helps the strategy to be clearly understood which can be applied to the different elements of the organization. In order to rebuild the business strategy keeping in mind the new system, the Volkswagen of America (VMoA) builders constructed a new blue print of the system. The architecture of the business mainly included the following points. A hierarchical and prioritized view of the goal of the organization relating to the internal working. A functional model, which is hierarchical, that mainly display all the activities, which can be considered as major activities, which are involved in the corporation. A model relating to the enterprise, which can be mapped to the function. An information inventory system. A state current inventory system that are directly linked and mapped to the enterprise related functions. There are several type of entities, which are involved into the working of the organization, and these entities play a very vital role in the concept of creating and managing the new process for the priorities of the Volkswagen of America (VMoA). The ELT can be considered very much responsible for the responsibility which are considered as primary for the execution of the NRG program which are related to the new IT process of the government. To approve and guide the process, which are related to the prioritization of the IT and the project selection there, was a committee formed which is known as the ITSC. The PMO directly involved the overall working with the team members who was involved into the building up of the strategy. This process was beneficial in a way that it helped the group to arrive at an explanation, which is detailed in order to move through the aspect of selection and prioritization. The digital business council (DBC) which consist of the members of the representati ve of the team which are related to the e business unit was in charge of the overall working and in this context it can be stated that the work which is done by them is very much complex. The task which were termed as complex mainly included the aspect of project categorization, business impact, taking the decision of the trade of and the discriminating their direct alignment with the goals of the organization. For the funding of the project an appropriate stage was reached very all the detail necessary was included into the concept. The main conclusion, which was reached, was that the overall working of the project would be broken down into parts, which was majorly three parts, and the tenure, which was involved into the aspect, was three month which would be taking place in the month of July to September (Pommier et al. 2018). In order to start with the project the PMO of the project had put a formal call for the projects with the due date in order to get the approval of the deadline. In the month of July before the actual implementation of the project was done by the PMO, the corporate strategy team with the gedas strategy consultant facilitated a workshop with the members of the DBC. The main aim of the meeting was to give the members of the DBC a clear idea about the funding of the project and the take into consideration about the funding, which would be required for the project. Each of the technology would be directly connected with the architecture of the business, which would be explicitly in the form of functions related to the working. This concept would be directly affecting the overall internal working of the organization this would be involved in the direct initiative of the organization. The main agenda, which would be discussed in the meeting, would be the basic requirement of the project and the funding requirement of the project in order to make the project functional. This concept would be deployed so that the standard of working of the overall organization would be made better. Some of the units in the organization were very much comfortable with the overall working and with the goal, which was set by the organization. The business unit consist of a leader who are termed as an ELT member. Taking into consideration a project which are enterprise goal oriented the main point of focus would be the strengthening and weakening of the case study related to the enterprise case related projects. There always exist a temptation which is related to finding out more ways by which is different sectors in the business could be enhanced. One of the factors, which can be involved into the concept, is judging the sectors from where the funding of the project can be achieved. At the end of the process, which is related to thinking, the group speculated about the amount, which was re lated to the budgeting of the IT project. There was a rough estimate made which was around $60 million, which was valuable altogether, $16 million fund were eventually kept aside in order to maintain the concept of the stay in the business. Relating to most of the projects which were related to the infrastructure which were under the guide of the CIO matulovic another $30 million would be directly funding the project relating to the enterprise this directly left about $14 million for the projects which were high priority relating to the business projects. The calculation, which can be considered as back end envelope, can be considered to be stating the organization that the requirement, which was relating to funding related to the entire top-level project exceeded the budget and the requirement of the funding. There was no idea into the gap, which was set between the funding requirement and the budget how it was created and what should be done in order to minimize the gap. In order to provide the necessary recommendation the following points were pointed out to Matulovic and the ITSC The goals of the organization, which are low, ranked should they drop them. Should the factor of funding be equally distributed relating to each of the goals of the portfolio? Should the organization recommend that the unit of importance that are related to the business be revised which can be related to the enterprise priority from the NRG. Should the organization take the action of breaking each of the portfolio and release fund for the projects, which are, associated with the most critical which are associated with the projects, which are less important (Ikpa 2016). Through the concept of new process and business architecture, it can be stated that there are several projects which are favored by the concept of the unit of the business which was to cut down the overall cost of the project. This directly provides provision for the outcome, which is related to, the present unit executives to present mainly two options. The first option would be to organization to acknowledge that a project from other sector than the usual working area might be more important in order to achieve the goals of the enterprise. On the other hand, the second option would be that the organization could challenge the merit of the technology which can be new for the concept of the selection of the process and prioritizing the project. In most of the cases, it can be stated that option two would be selected nd the consideration would be taken into account and second option would be neglected most of the time. The main concept, which can be taken into considered in this case, is that if the project does not get the appropriate funding was the concept prioritization. Most the value in this case was not included in the Volkswagen of America (VMoA) level of importers. The local USA base business valued the aspect if project which was based on the warehouse performance, which could not be directly related to the concept of the topmost, ranked NRG, related goals (Gwynne 2017). According to Matulovic the project was very much poorly served. The option, which was related to the concept, was very much less. He could easily indulge in the concept of funding from other projects and involve more of the dedication in the concept of project supply flow. The solution in this aspect could have been done in the concept of finding alternative option of funding which would be directly beneficial for the organization. He could have on the other hand used the project as a wedge to directly drive into the prioritization of the process directly to reopen the concept. Work on projects not funded properly There are three types of investment, which can be involved into a project, which may be: Return on investment (ROI): this type of action is related to the prediction of the concept, which is related to the aspect of cost, saving. This result needs to be sufficiently exceeding the part of the investment, which may include the initial step up investment and the ongoing maintenance and operation. For example the user may install a system which is new due to the aspect of the maintenance which is applied to the system which is done manually and the cost would be around 50% lowered as compared to other system which are preexisting. Stay in business (SIB): This concept can be related to the aspect if legislative directly to maintain the continuity of the business or can be overly mandated relating to the parent organization. It can be stated that few of the example in this aspect may include customer privacy effort which is legislated or the concept which is related to the disaster recovery which is business continuity (Cuenca and Boza 2015). Option creating environment (OCI): Similar to the concept of the Return to interest but it can be comparing it with the concept if revenue generation and cost saving. The concept can be considered to be very much risky due to the factor that the anticipation of the concept if the new execution process or the methods clear to competitive advantage for the business. It can be stated that the overall concept is the prototype which when implemented would result in implementation, which result in greater implementation, which can be directly be justified (Mansouri 2016). On the other hand, it can be stated that there are three technology types of application, which are stated below: Enterprise Application: the system of the company, which are specific, that directly provide broad functionally or the operation, which is used throughout the infrastructure of the organization. Base enterprise IT Platform: Infrastructure service and tools or the common external application, which are directly developed, and utilities that are used throughout the different companies (data warehousing, internet based communication and desktop application tools) (Cuenca and Boza 2015). Customized point solution: The system and relating to it the solution, which are directly targeted to the application, not recognized directly as very useful across the enterprise. The application and the type of investment would be directly related to the influence how particular investment would be treated. The main concept, which should be taken into consideration I the aspect of prioritization and selection of the process. The manager of the business unit assumed that in the near future business bodies would be getting the approval of the project, which are considered very much crucial and stated as important project. Some of the members of the project are not so much comfortable with the concept due to the factor that the organization focus more on the goals, which are related to the enterprise. In this concept the goal which is related to the concept of the was based on the leadership of the ELT members and thus it can be realized that the assigning of the project which are related to the NRG goals were ranked implicit in their importance towards the VMoA. The organization and the people who are involved into the concept remained in the unit of the busine ss individual portfolios with the note of dictating removal from the unit of the business if the enterprise project was approved. The concept of the moving to the IT infrastructure can be considered as a strategy, which would be involved in the overall working of the organization. The focus point in this concept would be the project, which did not have the proper funding for the execution. It can be stated that in the near future the projects would be gaining the importance so that it would be yet again operational. There are a basic need of the IT aspect, which has to be involved into the overall working of the projects, and it should be taken into consideration by the project manager to get the appropriate funding and making the infrastructure more improved. The situation, which was faced by Matulovic, was very much crucial as the project, which were not funded had to make operational in order to enhance the functionality of the organization. The aspect of funding would be directly beneficial from the point of view of the workers as well. There are different factors, which would be playing a role in this cont ext such as the concept of flexibility, which can be achieved from the functionality of the projects, which would be funded in the near future. The main factor, which can be taken into consideration, is the aspect. The aspect of the funding of the project can be considered very much important due to the factor that it would be making the project functional. In most of the cases it is seen that a project fails due to the lack in the finance sector which would be needed to keep the project moving. The main factor, which play a vital role other than the factor of budget, is the sector of labor, which would be needed to keep the project moving towards the point of success. There can be different types of changes in the overall working of the project and the project manager and make the project a success should talk these changes. When a project is funded equal right should be given to all the people so that they can involve into the aspect of decision making and provide a framework of w ork which would increasing the success rate of the project. The sector of the project, which are not functioning, should be taken care of so that it would not affect the overall working of the project. All the factors, which would be hampering the overall operation of the project, should be noticed at the start of the project due to the factor that during the implementation of the project it would not be a problem References Adama, O., 2017. Urban imaginaries: funding mega infrastructure projects in Lagos, Nigeria. GeoJournal, pp.1-18. Bagci, K.T. and Tekalp, A.M., 2016, August. Managed video services over multi-domain software defined networks. In Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), 2016 24th European (pp. 120-124). IEEE. Cadogan, D., 2014. Funding for research? Look to the crowd: crowdfunding resources for academia. College Research Libraries News, 75(5), pp.268-271. Cuenca, L. and Boza, A., 2015. Public funding in RD projects: opportunities for companies. In INTED2015 Proceedings (pp. 2194-2199). International Academy of Technology, Education and Development (IATED). Deng, H. and Xu, J., 2017. The analysis on the funding of Natural Science Foundation of China for acupuncture projects from 2005 to 2015. Zhongguo zhen jiu= Chinese acupuncture moxibustion, 37(5), pp.550-554. Fu, H., Wu, Z., Li, J., Zhang, X.P. and Brandt, J., 2016. A Configurable $mu $ VPP With Managed Energy Services: A Malmo Western Harbour Case. IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal, 3(4), pp.166-178. Gonzlez-Ruiz, J.D., Duque, E. and Botero, S., 2017. The Process of Funding Highway Projects in Colombia: Outlook and Challenges. Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal, 87(8), p.30. Gwynne, R.N., 2017. Industrialization and urbanization in Latin America. Routledge. Hu, X., Jing, C., Xu, X., Nakazawa, N., Cornish, V.W., Margadant, F.M. and Sheetz, M.P., 2016. Cooperative vinculin binding to talin mapped by time-resolved super resolution microscopy. Nano letters, 16(7), pp.4062-4068. Ikpa, V.W., 2016. Politics, adequacy, and education funding. Education, 136(4), pp.468-472. Kloeckner, K., Adam, C.M., Anerousis, N., Ayachitula, N., Bulut, M.F., Dasgupta, G., Deng, Y., Diao, Y., Fuller, N., Gopisetty, S. and Hernandez, M., 2018. Building a cognitive platform for the managed IT services lifecycle. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 62(1), pp.8-1. Mansouri, N., 2016. A Case Study of Volkswagen Unethical Practice in Diesel Emission Test. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 5(4), pp.211-216. McGonigal, K.H., Giuliano, C.A. and Hurren, J., 2017. Safety and Efficacy of a Pharmacist?Managed Patient?Controlled Analgesia Service in Postsurgical Patients. Pain Practice, 17(7), pp.859-865. Milne, R., 2015. Volkswagen: System failure. Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/47f233f0-816b-11e5-a01c-8650859a4767. html. Pommier, T., Cantarel, A.A., Grigulis, K., Lavorel, S., Legay, N., Baxendale, C., Bardgett, R.D., Bahn, M., Poly, F. and Clment, J.C., 2018. The added value of including key microbial traits to determine nitrogen?related ecosystem services in managed grasslands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55(1), pp.49-58.